Table 1 Participant characteristics of the sample population (N = 157)

Patient characteristics

Age at diagnosis (years)

54.1 (12)

56.5 (11)

53.2 (12)

Hannum (epigenetic age, years)

61.1 (9)

64.4 (9)

59.9 (9)

Horvath (epigenetic age, years)

55.9 (9)

59.4 (9)

54.7 (9)

Horvath Skin and Blood (epigenetic age, years)

58.0 (9)

61.3 (8)

57.0 (8)

PhenoAge (epigenetic age, years)

54.0 (11)

58.8 (12)

52.5 (11)

GrimAge (epigenetic age, years)

65.2 (10)

68.8 (10)

64.0 (9)

DunedinPACE (aging rate, years)

1.1 (0.1)

1.1 (0.1)

1.1 (0.1)

Race

   White

   Non-White

127 (81%)

30 (19%)

31 (79%)

8 (21%)

96 (81%)

22 (19%)

Smoking status

   Ever

   Never

59 (38%)

98 (62%)

21 (54%)

18 (46%)

38 (32%)

80 (68%)

BMI category

   < 25

   25–30

   30+

58 (37%)

47 (30%)

52 (33%)

16 (41%)

10 (26%)

13 (33%)

42 (36%)

37 (31%)

39 (33%)

Prevalent chronic disease¹

   Yes

   No

73 (47%)

82 (53%)

24 (63%)

14 (37%)

49 (42%)

68 (58%)

CVD current medication

   Yes

   No

44 (28%)

113 (72%)

17 (44%)

22 (56%)

27 (23%)

91 (77%)

History of cancer

   Yes

   No

18 (11%)

139 (89%)

10 (26%)

29 (74%)

10 (8%)

108 (92%)

History of chemotherapy

   Yes

   No

16 (10%)

140 (89%)

9 (23%)

29 (77%)

7 (6%)

111 (94%)

CVD family history

   Yes

   No

39 (25%)

116 (75%)

10 (26%)

29 (74%)

29 (25%)

87 (75%)

Clinical characteristics

Cancer stage

   In situ

   I – III

   IV

3 (2%)

123 (91%)

9 (7%)

1 (3%)

30 (91%)

2 (6%)

2 (2%)

93 (91%)

7 (7%)

Endocrine therapy

   Yes

   No

93 (60%)

63 (40%)

20 (51%)

19 (49%)

73 (62%)

44 (38%)

Left-sided radiation

   Yes

   No

94 (60%)

63 (40%)

24 (62%)

15 (38%)

70 (59%)

48 (41%)

Anthracycline treatment

   Yes

   No

22 (14%)

135 (86%)

9 (23%)

30 (77%)

13 (11%)

105 (89%)